What are Torsion Springs?

A torsion spring is a mechanical device that stores and releases rotational energy.

The ends of a torsion spring are connected to a mechanical component. As the spring is rotated around its axis on one end, the winding of the spring is tightened and stores potential energy.

During the winding process, one end is deflected about the body centerline axis, while the other end is held fixed. As the winding gets tighter and resists more rotational force, the spring stores more potential energy.

Once a torsion spring is released, it will unwind as it makes an elastic rebound, and the stored energy is released. An equal rotational force is exerted on the opposite end of the spring, which can apply torque on the attached mechanical component. Torsion springs statically hold mechanical components in place.

The mechanics of torsion springs is based on their resistance to rotation or twisting. The mechanical energy produced by the resistance is stored and exerts torque in opposition to the twisting force that is proportional to the angle that it is twisted. Common types of torsion springs are helical, torsion bars, and spiral wound. Each of the various types are made from wire, sprung steel, or rubber.

Torsion springs are subjected to more bending stress than rotational stress as the spring is twisted to make a tighter winding. They are unlike other springs because only rotational force is involved. Linear force is not part of torsion springs, unlike compression and tension springs.

The mechanical forces of torsion springs depend on the elasticity of its material, which enables torsion springs to revert to their original winding after being twisted. Torsion springs can be rotated and apply force in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction and must be rotated in the direction of the winding to generate maximum force.

Torsion springs are found in a wide range of applications, almost in every industry. These springs come in many configurations.